

Welcome to the Center for Breast Reconstruction Blog – Articles on Breast Reconstruction
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- Levine, JL, Conde Green, A. “Medial Row Perforators Are Associated with Higher Rates of Fat Necrosis in Bilateral DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction” Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 2018 May; 141 (5) 776e-777e
- Becker, C,Vasile JV, Levine JL, Batista BN, Studinger RM, Chen CM, Riquet M. Microlymphatic surgery for the treatment of iatrogenic lymphedema. Clinics in Plastic Surgery. 2012 Oct;39(4):385-98
- Chen CM, Craigie J, Erhard H, Greenspun D, Khoobehi K, Kline R, Levine J, LoTempio M, Sadeghi A, Spiegel A, Stolier A, Allen RJ. Study suggests trend toward greater donor-site morbidity in TRAM flap patients. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011 Feb;127(2):1007-8
- Zou Z, Lee HK, Cerilles M, Levine JL, Greenspun DT, Allen RJ, Vasile J, Rohde C, Chen CM, Prince MR. Gadofosveset trisodium enhanced abdominal perforator MRA. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2012 Mar;35(3):711-16. Epub 2011 Oct 26
- Schneider LF,Vasile JV, Levine JL, Allen RJ. Deep femoral artery perforator flap: a new flap for breast reconstruction. Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery. 2011 Nov;27(9):531-6. Epub 2011 Aug 9
- Vasile JV, Newman TM, Prince MR, Rusch DG, Greenspun DT, Allen RJ, Levine JL. Contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography. Clinics in Plastic Surgery. 2011 April;38(2):263-75
- Newman TM, Vasile J, Levine JL, Greenspun DT, Allen RJ, Chao MT, Winchester P, Prince MR. Perforator flap magnetic resonance angiography: a review of 25 deep inferior epigastric and gluteal perforator artery flap patients. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2010 May;31(5):1176-84
- Julie Vasile, Tiffany Newman, David Rusch, David Greenspun, Robert J. Allen, Martin Prince, Joshua L. Levine. Anatomic Imaging of Gluteal Perforator Flaps without Ionizing Radiation: Seeing Is Believing with Magnetic Resonance Angiography. Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Number 1, Volume 26, January 2010.
- David Greenspun, Julie Vasile, Joshua L. Levine, Heather Erhard, Rebecca Studinger, Victoria Chernyak, Tiffany Newman, Martin Prince, Robert J. Allen. Anatomic Imaging of Abdominal Perforator Flaps without Ionizing Radiation: Seeing Is Believing with Magnetic Resonance Imaging Angiography. Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Number 1, Volume 26, January 2010.
- Massey, Marga F.; Spiegel, Aldona J.; Levine, Joshua L.; Craigie, James E.; Kline, Richard M.; Khoobehi, Kamran; Erhard, Heather; Greenspun, David T.; Allen, Robert J. Jr; Allen, Robert J. Sr; Perforator Flaps: Recent Experience, Current Trends, and Future Directions Based on 3974 Microsurgical Breast Reconstructions. for the Group for the Advancement of Breast Reconstruction. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 124(3):737-751, September 2009.
- Levine, Joshua L. M.D., Miller, Quintessa, MD, Vasile, Julie, MD, Khoobehi, Kamran, MD, Craigie, James, MD, Wise, Matthew W., MD and Allen, Robert J. M.D. Simultaneous Bilateral Breast Reconstruction With In-the-Crease Inferior Gluteal Artery Perforator Flaps Annals of Plastic Surgery, Volume 63, Number 3, pp. 249-254, September, 2009.
- Vasile J, Newman T, Greenspun D, Rusch D, Prince M, Allen RJ, Levine JL. Anatomic vascular imaging of perforator flaps for breast reconstruction: seeing is believing with MRA. Abstract: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2009 Oct;124(4S):71
- Levine JL, Miller Q, Vasile J, Koobehi K, Craigie J, Wise MW, Allen RJ. Simultaneous bilateral breast reconstruction with in-the-crease inferior gluteal artery perforator (IGAP) flaps. Annals of Plastic Surgery. 2009 Sept;63(2):249-54
- Vasile JV, Newman T, Rusch DG, Greenspun DT, Allen RJ, Prince M, Levine JL. Anatomic imaging of gluteal perforator flaps without ionizing radiation: Seeing is believing with MRA. Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery. 2010 Jan;26(1):45-57. Epub 2009 July 10
- Chernyak V, Rozenblit AM, Greenspun DT, Levine JL, Milikow DL, Chia FA, Erhard HA. Breast reconstruction with deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap: 3.0-T gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging for preoperative localization of abdominal wall perforators. Radiology. 2009 Feb;250(2):417-24. Epub 2008 Nov 26.
- Greenspun D, Vasile J, Levine JL, Erhard H, Studinger R, Cherniak V, Newman T, Prince M, Allen RJ. Anatomic imaging of abdominal perforator flaps without ionizing radiation: Seeing is believing with MRA. Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery. 2010 Jan;26(1):37-44. Epub 2009 May 18
- Granzow, Jay W. M.D., M.P.H.; Levine, Joshua L. M.D.; Chiu, Ernest S. M.D.; LoTempio, Maria M. M.D.; Allen, Robert J. M.D. Breast Reconstruction with Perforator Flaps. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: Volume 120(1) July 2007pp 1-12.
- Granzow JW, Levine JL, Chiu ES, Allen, RJ.Breast Reconstruction Using Perforator Flaps.J Surg Oncol 2006;94(6):441-54.
- Granzow JW, Levine JL, Chiu ES, Allen RJ Breast reconstruction with gluteal artery perforator flaps. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2006;59(6):614-21.
- Granzow JW, Levine JL, Chiu ES, Allen RJ.History and an update on current technique. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2006;59(6):571-9.
- Levine, Joshua L. M.D.; Granzow, Jay M.D.; Allen, Robert J. M.D. The In-The-Crease Inferior Gluteal Artery Perforator Flap for Breast Reconstruction. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 118(2): 333-340, August, 2006.
- Levine, Joshua L. M.D.; Soueid, Nassif E. M.D.; Allen, Robert J. M.D. Algorithm for Autologous Breast Reconstruction for Partial Mastectomy Defects. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 116(3):762-767, September 1, 2005.
- Granzow, Jay W. MD, MPH; Chiu, Ernest S. MD; Levine, Joshua L. MD; Gautam, Abhinav BS; Hellman, Alex BS; Rolston, William BS; Kuo, Benjamin BS; Saullo, Thomas BS; Heitland, Andreas S. MD; Allen, Robert J. MD Autologous Breast Reconstruction Using the Superficial Inferior Epigastric Artery Flap Revisited: P11. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 116(3) Supplement:133, September 1, 2005.
- Babineaux, Kelly L. MD; Granzow, Jay W. MD, MPH; Bardin, Erin BS; Horam, Elorice BS; Levine, Joshua L. MD; Allen, Robert J. MD; Chiu, Ernest S. MD Microvascular Breast Reconstruction Using Buttock Tissue: The Preferred Scar Location and Shape: P43. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 116(3) Supplement:174-176, September 1, 2005.
- Guerra, AB, Soueid, N, Metzinger, SE, Levine, JL, Erhard, H, Allen, RJ. Simultaneous Bilateral Breast Reconstruction with Superior Gluteal Artery Perforator (SGAP) Flaps. Annals of Plastic Surgery, Vol. 53, November 4, 2004.
- Strauch, B, Greenspun, D, Levine, JL, Baum, T. A Technique For Brachioplasty. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 113 (3), 1044-1048, March, 2004.
- Levine JL, Zheng Q, Patel KJ, Shuldiner AR, Zenilman ME A recombinant rat regenerating protein is mitogenic to pancreatic derived cells. Journal of Surgical Research, 89, 2000.
- Levine JL, Michalski SA, Patel KJ, Kalimian M, Nelson M, Ze nilman ME. Survival of patients in nursing homes referred for surgery
- Levine JL, Patel KJ, Zheng Q, AR, Zenilman ME. Identification of a bioactive fragment of pancreatic reg I. Surgical Forum. XLIX, 533-534, 1998.
Q&A: What Are The Second Stage Breast Reconstruction Procedures?
Dr. Levine discusses nipple reconstruction and adjustments for shape and symmetry completed during a minor second stage breast reconstruction procedure.
Q&A: What is Better Diep Flap or Implants?
In this article Dr. Levine answers a patient's question, "What is better, diep flap or Implants?" After mastectomy, breasts can be reconstructed with either implants or the patient’s own body tissue. Reconstruction with the patient’s own body tissue is called autologous breast reconstruction, and the most sophisticated procedure for autologous breast reconstruction is the perforator flap.
